Encouraging public transport use and walkability are some of the simplest methods of reducing the need for energy use, and by clustering housing and people together it means that we have to use a lot less energy in order to get to where we want to go. It would also create new local hubs for community activity, meaning that people wouldn't need to get in a car to be able to get to the shops, go out to a restaurant or a local park.
I'm of two minds on this. Yes, increased density can create hubs - provided they are properly supported. Many dense residential areas have minimal shops, parks, services or public transport. Lots of people with low support, poor infrastructure, greater pressure on health + emergency systems.More use of energy in high-density areas. More cars, needing to drive further for basics. More need for schools, medical. This needs very careful long term planning and intelligent design to be effective.
Housing affordability (or lack thereof) in Sydney has been a significant barrier in allowing me (and I imagine many others) to live within an efficient commuting distance of workplaces.
I have been seeing an increase in a particular type of medium to high density housing development in the last 5 or so years that makes me optimistic about this approach if done well. Many of these newer developments seem smartly designed, and structured as local "villages" that can meet the different needs of its residents and support a good quality of life. E.g. incorporating shops, restaurants, and other facilities, as well as gardens, parks, or some other sort of greenery.
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